Forging is a processing method that uses forging machinery to apply pressure to metal blanks to produce plastic deformation to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, certain shapes and sizes. Forging (forging and stamping) is one of the two major components.

Forging can eliminate the defects such as loose casting in the smelting process and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, due to the preservation of the complete metal flow line, the mechanical properties of forgings are generally better than castings of the same material. Related machinery in high load, severe working conditions of important parts, in addition to the shape of a relatively simple available rolling plates, profiles or weldments, the use of forgings.

According to the forming mechanism, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, grinding ring, special forging.

Features of free forging:

Improve the organizational structure and mechanical properties. Through forging, the coarse grain structure inside the metal is broken: pores, shrinkage holes, cracks and other defects are pressed together to improve the density, the fiber flow line of the metal is reasonably distributed on the forging section, and the mechanical properties of the metal are improved.

Low cost, reasonable economy. Good versatility of forging equipment and tools, short production preparation cycle, easy to replace products.

The process is flexible and adaptable.

Low dimensional accuracy of forgings.

Free forging is mainly used in the production of single-piece small batch, shape is not too complex, dimensional accuracy requirements are not high forgings and some large forgings.

free forging of equipment:

The air hammer has simple structure, flexible operation, convenient maintenance but small hammering force

Hydraulic press, hydraulic press is under static pressure to produce plastic deformation of the blank, stable work, low noise, good working conditions, resulting in greater pressure, but the equipment is large, complex structure, expensive.

Two kinds of equipment are no overload damage problem, but if the equipment tonnage selection is too small, the forging internal forging is not through, and the productivity is low, on the contrary, if the equipment tonnage selection is too large, the waste of human and financial resources.

The choice of forging equipment is mainly related to the deformation area, forging material and deformation temperature.

It can be used for pier rough drawing, long punching, reaming, bending and wrong movement, etc.

Determination of the initial forging temperature: under the premise of no overheating, overburning and other heating defects, the initial forging temperature should be increased as much as possible to make the metal have good forgeability. The initial forging temperature is generally controlled at 150-250°C below the solidus.

Die forging is divided into open die forging and closed die forging.

Die forging definition: the method of forging a heated blank in a die fixed on a die forging equipment is called die forging. Die forging is the main process method of forging using special forging dies to obtain forgings of the required shape and size.

The characteristics of die forging are: under the action of forging press, the blank is forced to plastic flow forming in the forging die cavity, so as to obtain forgings with better quality than free forging.